Journal: Vaccine: X

Article Title: Vaccine delivery systems and administration routes: Advanced biotechnological techniques to improve the immunization efficacy

doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100500

Figure Lengend Snippet: Vaccines using protein subunit in phase 3 and phase 4.

Article Snippet: 22 , PS , Protein subunit , SCTV01C. A Bivalent Recombinant Trimeric S Protein vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Variants , 1 , Day 0 , IM , Sinocelltech Ltd. , 3.

Techniques: Vaccines, Recombinant, Adjuvant, Variant Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing

Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: Antigenic Characterization of Circulating and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the U.S. throughout the Delta to Omicron Waves

doi: 10.3390/vaccines12050505

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Delta, Mu and Omicron variants by pooled monovalent vaccinee sera post the primary series. ( A ) A Moderna post-primary series pool and a Pfizer post-primary series pool were each generated from 10 volunteers (no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection) who received two doses of the original mRNA monovalent vaccine from either Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech. Each isolated SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Mu variant was analyzed against both sera pools using the focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT), and the average FRNT 50 value was used to represent the neutralization titer of that virus against post-primary series sera pool. ( B ) Post-primary series sera pool with medium range spike-specific antibody titers (1339–3541 BAU/mL) was generated from another five volunteers (no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection) who received two doses of the original mRNA monovalent vaccine (Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech). This post-primary series medium sera pool was analyzed against various SARS-CoV-2 Delta, Mu and Omicron variants with additional spike mutations. Bars represent geometric mean neutralization titer (GMT) with geometric SD from 2–10 independent repeats of virus with the same spike protein sequence. Significance relative to 614D, B.1.617.2, BA.1 or BA.2 was determined by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett correction on log transformed neutralization titers. p values are displayed as * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001 and not significant (ns) p > 0.05. GMT and fold changes compared to 614D are displayed on the side. The dashed line represents the limit of detection at FRNT 50 of 5.

Article Snippet: Eleven post-bivalent serum samples were also selected from volunteers (median age: 47.5) who received 3 doses of the original monovalent mRNA vaccine and 1 dose of the bivalent mRNA booster (original SARS-CoV-2 virus + Omicron variant BA.4/5) from Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna ( ).

Techniques: Neutralization, Generated, Infection, Isolation, Variant Assay, Virus, Sequencing, Transformation Assay

Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: Antigenic Characterization of Circulating and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the U.S. throughout the Delta to Omicron Waves

doi: 10.3390/vaccines12050505

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants by individual human sera collected from post-third-dose monovalent mRNA vaccine recipients. Individual sera (each represented by a circle) collected from volunteers (no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection) who received three doses of the original mRNA monovalent vaccine (Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech) were analyzed against SARS-CoV-2 614D virus (N = 20) and Omicron variants BA.1 (N = 20), BA.2 (N = 20), BA.2.12.1 (N = 20) and BA.4/5 (N = 13) using the FRNT assay. All viruses were isolated from clinical specimens. Bars represent GMT with 95% confidence intervals. Significance relative to 614D or BA.4/5 was determined by one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Dunnett correction on log transformed neutralization titers. p values are displayed as * p ≤ 0.05, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001 and not significant (ns) p > 0.05. GMT and fold change compared to the 614D reference virus are displayed at the top of the plots. The dashed line represents the limit of detection at FRNT 50 of 10.

Article Snippet: Eleven post-bivalent serum samples were also selected from volunteers (median age: 47.5) who received 3 doses of the original monovalent mRNA vaccine and 1 dose of the bivalent mRNA booster (original SARS-CoV-2 virus + Omicron variant BA.4/5) from Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna ( ).

Techniques: Neutralization, Infection, Virus, Isolation, Transformation Assay

Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: Antigenic Characterization of Circulating and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the U.S. throughout the Delta to Omicron Waves

doi: 10.3390/vaccines12050505

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants by pooled human sera from post-third-dose monovalent mRNA vaccine recipients. Post-third-dose sera pool with medium range spike-specific antibody titers (159–3015 BAU/mL) was generated from five volunteers (no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection) who received three doses of the original mRNA monovalent vaccine (Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech). Various SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants with additional spike mutations were analyzed using this post-third-dose medium sera pool. All viruses were isolated from clinical specimens. Bars represent GMT with geometric SD from 2–6 independent repeats of virus with the same spike protein sequence. Significance relative to 614D, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5 or BA.2.75 was determined by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett correction on log transformed neutralization titers. p values are displayed as * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001 and not significant (ns) p > 0.05. Significance to 614D was not displayed as all Omicron variants analyzed had **** p ≤ 0.0001. GMT and fold changes compared to 614D are displayed on the side. The dashed line represents the limit of detection at FRNT 50 of 10. * BA.2.3.20 = BA.2 + M153T + N164K + H245N + G257D + K444R + N450D + L452M + N460K + A484R + R493Q.

Article Snippet: Eleven post-bivalent serum samples were also selected from volunteers (median age: 47.5) who received 3 doses of the original monovalent mRNA vaccine and 1 dose of the bivalent mRNA booster (original SARS-CoV-2 virus + Omicron variant BA.4/5) from Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna ( ).

Techniques: Neutralization, Generated, Infection, Isolation, Virus, Sequencing, Transformation Assay

Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: Antigenic Characterization of Circulating and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the U.S. throughout the Delta to Omicron Waves

doi: 10.3390/vaccines12050505

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants by individual human sera collected from vaccine recipients (no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection) who received the bivalent mRNA booster as the fourth dose. Eleven human serum samples (each represented by a circle) collected from volunteers who received three doses of monovalent mRNA vaccine and one dose of the bivalent mRNA booster (original SARS-CoV-2 virus + Omicron variant BA.4/5) were analyzed against SARS-CoV-2 614D virus and various Omicron variants using the FRNT assay. All viruses were isolated from clinical specimens. Bars represent GMT with 95% confidence intervals. Significance relative to 614D or BA.4/5 was determined by one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Dunnett correction on log transformed neutralization titers. p values are displayed as ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001 and not significant (ns) p > 0.05. GMT and fold change compared to 614D or BA.4/5 are displayed at the top of the plots. The dashed line represents the limit of detection at FRNT 50 of 20.

Article Snippet: Eleven post-bivalent serum samples were also selected from volunteers (median age: 47.5) who received 3 doses of the original monovalent mRNA vaccine and 1 dose of the bivalent mRNA booster (original SARS-CoV-2 virus + Omicron variant BA.4/5) from Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna ( ).

Techniques: Neutralization, Infection, Virus, Variant Assay, Isolation, Transformation Assay

Journal: ACS Central Science

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of the Global Efforts on COVID-19 Vaccine Development

doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00120

Figure Lengend Snippet: Top 21 countries by number of COVID-19 candidate vaccines in the development pipelines.

Article Snippet: Interestingly, a live-attenuated candidate vaccine against COVID-19 was developed via codon deoptimization by Codagenix/Serum Institute of India.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Central Science

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of the Global Efforts on COVID-19 Vaccine Development

doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00120

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of COVID-19 vaccine candidates among different vaccine platforms and their development stages.

Article Snippet: Interestingly, a live-attenuated candidate vaccine against COVID-19 was developed via codon deoptimization by Codagenix/Serum Institute of India.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Central Science

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of the Global Efforts on COVID-19 Vaccine Development

doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00120

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in clinical trials among top seven countries regarding the trial stages and vaccine platforms.

Article Snippet: Interestingly, a live-attenuated candidate vaccine against COVID-19 was developed via codon deoptimization by Codagenix/Serum Institute of India.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Central Science

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of the Global Efforts on COVID-19 Vaccine Development

doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00120

Figure Lengend Snippet: COVID-19 vaccine-related journal article publications classified according to country (A) and organization (B); values are presented as number per thousand (‰). The increase in color intensity reflects the increase in the number of publications.

Article Snippet: Interestingly, a live-attenuated candidate vaccine against COVID-19 was developed via codon deoptimization by Codagenix/Serum Institute of India.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Central Science

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of the Global Efforts on COVID-19 Vaccine Development

doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00120

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of COVID-19 vaccine-related journal publications in different research areas.

Article Snippet: Interestingly, a live-attenuated candidate vaccine against COVID-19 was developed via codon deoptimization by Codagenix/Serum Institute of India.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Central Science

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of the Global Efforts on COVID-19 Vaccine Development

doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00120

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of COVID-19-related journal publications among vaccine platforms.

Article Snippet: Interestingly, a live-attenuated candidate vaccine against COVID-19 was developed via codon deoptimization by Codagenix/Serum Institute of India.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Central Science

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of the Global Efforts on COVID-19 Vaccine Development

doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00120

Figure Lengend Snippet: COVID-19 cross-protection by other vaccines. Numbers of documents are next to the vaccine names. In the inset pie-charts for BCG, influenza, and MMR, “Yes” indicates documents suggesting cross-protection, “No” indicates documents suggesting there is no cross-protection; “?” indicates documents which are inconclusive. “Other vaccines” include encephalitis, hepatitis, Newcastle disease, rotavirus, polio, and other routine childhood vaccines.

Article Snippet: Interestingly, a live-attenuated candidate vaccine against COVID-19 was developed via codon deoptimization by Codagenix/Serum Institute of India.

Techniques:

Journal: Current Opinion in Biotechnology

Article Title: Principles for designing an optimal mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine

doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.09.016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of mRNA and LNP formulation elements of three SARS-CoV-2 mRNA LNP vaccines

Article Snippet: Another form of sequence optimization is enrichment of guanine-cytosine (GC) content, which has been shown to increase steady-state mRNA levels in vitro and protein expression in vivo , and has been employed by CureVac in its recent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate, CVnCoV ( NCT04652102 ) [ , ].

Techniques: Comparison, Formulation, Derivative Assay, Sequencing, Modification